Why do joints click?

Joints can make different noises. Some are serious and some are not. There are three general causes for these joint noises, which include degenerative changes in the joint, tendon snapping and cavitations of the joint. 

Facet osteoarthritis

The facet joint are the flat surfaced joints at the back of the vertebrae- one on each side. The superior part of the joint aligns with the inferior part of the joint. As a consequence of the natural ageing process, or following trauma or disease in the joint, they tend to settle a bit closer together, which causes their alignment to change. This leads to osteoarthritis (degenerative arthritis) which causes the breakdown of cartilage between the facet joints.

The facet joint also has fluid lubricating the joint. The combination of cartilage and fluid in the facet joint allows it to move with little friction. However, facet joint arthritis causes the cartilage to breakdown and there is more friction when the joint moves. The patient loses motion and as they get stiffer they have more back pain. Typically, the low back pain is most pronounced first thing in the morning, throughout the day, normal movement causes fluid to build up in the joint and it becomes better lubricated, which decreases the pain. Later in the day the pain typically becomes worse again as more stress is applied across the joint.

The friction across the joint during movement causes crunching and crackling noises, generally termed crepitation.

Snapping tendon

The snapping sensation results from the movement of a muscle or tendon (the tough, fibrous tissue that connects muscle to bone) over a bony structure. Generally there will be inflammation- causing tendonitis which will cause painful snapping. Where there are changes in the joint causing marked joint looseness then tendon snapping becomes more pronounced. Common locations for tendon snapping include; the ankle, knee, hip, wrist and shoulder.

In the hip, the most common site is at the outer side where a band of connective tissue passes over the broad, flat portion of the thighbone.

When the hip is straight, the band is behind the trochanter. When the hip bends, the band moves over the trochanter so that it is front of it. The band is always tight, like stretched rubber band. Because the trochanter juts out slightly, the movement of the band across it creates the snap you hear. Eventually, this could lead to hip bursitis. Bursitis is thickening and inflammation of the bursa, a fluid-filled sac that allows the muscle to move smoothly over bone.

 

Joint cavitation

Some people learn how to “pop their knuckles.” By pushing or pulling a joint in a certain way, an air bubble can suddenly appear in the joint with a “pop”. Once the bubble is there the joint cannot be popped again until the air has been reabsorbed. This is known as cavitation of the joint. Joint cavitation can occur in most of the joints in the body and is particularly prominent in the facet joint of the spine.              

Why does the spine crack during chiropractic treatment?

Treatment of spinal conditions by chiropractic manipulation of the joints uses the phenomenon of joint cavitation to introduce motion into stiff joints and thus reduce the pain caused by such conditions.

When person experiences trauma to the spine, particular joints can become unstable leading to joint looseness while neighbouring joints become very stiff to compensate for this instability.

The unstable joints are able to cavitate with bending and rotational movements of the spine, which leads to joint sound further instability of the joint. Chiropractic manipulation of the neighbouring stiff joints can help return normal mobility to these joints which in turn will help reverse the looseness in the unstable joints as the stresses on them are reduced. This reduces the likelihood of self-induced joint popping.

Chiropractic Treatment

If you are interested in how chiropractic manipulation could help stop your joints popping, do not hesitate to ask your chiropractor.